Противоопухолевые средства

Противоопухолевые средства - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Ферменты                                                                                                                                                                    | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | L-Аспарагиназа,                  | Острый лимфолейкоз, | Внутривенно           | Анорексия, тошнота,   | Флаконы по 3000   | | Asparaginasum; синоним:    | лимфосаркома,           | капельно по 200—   | рвота, нарушение        | — 10 000 МЕ         | | Краснитин, Leunase и др.    | ретикулосаркома        | 300 МЕ/кг                | функции печени и       | (прилагаются        | |                                            |                                   | ежедневно или        | поджелудочной           | ампулы с              | |                                            |                                   | через день;             | железы, лейкопения,   | растворителем)     | |                                            |                                   | суммарная доза до  | тромбоцитопения,       |                              | |                                            |                                   | 400 000 МЕ             | аллергические             |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | реакции, головная       |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | боль, склонность к      |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | геморрагиям, нефрит, |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | гипотермия                 |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Гормональные препараты                                                                                                                                             | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 1. Андрогены                    |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Медротестрона пропионат,  | Рак молочной железы | Внутримышечно      | Гиперкальциемия и     | Ампулы по 1 мл    | | Medrotestroni propionas;       | у женщин с                 | ежедневно по 50—  | гиперкальциурия,        | 5% масляного       | | синоним Мастерон,             | сохраненной               | 100 мг, длительно   | гепатит, нарушения     | раствора               | | Метилдигидротестостерона | менструальной           |                                | сердечной                   |                              | | пропионат                           | функцией                    |                                | деятельности,             |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | явления вирилизации  |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Метиландростендиол,         | Показания такие же,   | Сублингвально по    | Нарушения функции    | Таблетки по 0,01   | | Methylandrostendiolum;        | как у                           | 0,2—0,3 г в сутки,   | печени, желтуха,         | и 0,025 г                | | синоним: Androdiol,             | медротестостерона     | длительно               | аллергические             |                              | | Diolostene, Masdiol,             | пропионата                 |                                | реакции, вирилизация, |                              | | Mestendiol, Metandiol,          |                                   |                                | задержка жидкости,    |                              | | Methandriol, Methandriolum,  |                                   |                                | усиление либидо         |                              | | Neosteron, Notandron,          |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | | Novandrol, Stenediol, и др.   |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Метилтестостерон,              | Рак молочной железы | Сублингвально по    | Явления                      | Таблетки по 0,005  | | Methyltestosteronum;           |                                   | 0,05—0,1 г в сутки,  | маскулинизации          | и 0,01 г                 | | синоним:                             |                                   | длительно               | (вирилизма),                |                              | | Methyltestosterone, Androral |                                   |                                | гиперкальциемия,        |                              | | (B). Glosso-Sterandryl,         |                                   |                                | гепатит, нарушения     |                              | | Hormale, Malogen,               |                                   |                                | кровообращения         |                              | | Metandren, Oraviron, Oreton  |                                   |                                | (редко)                        |                              | | M, Stenendiol, Testoral,        |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | | Virormoneoral и др.              |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Пролотестон,                      | Рак молочной железы | Внутримышечно по  | Такие же, как при        | Ампулы по 1 мл    | | Prolotestanum                      |                                   | 0,35—0,7 г 1 раз в   | введении                    | 35% масляного     | |                                            |                                   | 2 нед., длительно    | медротестостерона     | раствора               | |                                            |                                   |                                | пропионата                 |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Тестостерона пропионат,    | Показания такие же,   | Внутримышечно по  | То же                          | Ампулы по 1 мл    | | Testosteroni propionas,         | как для                       | 50—100 мг              |                                    | 1% и 5% раствора | | синоним: Agovirin,               | медротестостерона     | ежедневно или        |                                    | в масле                 | | Androfort, Testolutin и др.     | пропионата                 | через день              |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | длительно, в           |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | течение 4—5 мес.   |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Тестэнат, Testoenatum        | Рак молочной железы | Внутримышечно      | То же                          | Ампулы по 1 мл    | |                                            |                                   | 1—2 мл раз в 2        |                                    | 10% раствора в     | |                                            |                                   | нед., длительно       |                                    | масле                   | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 2. Эстрогены                     |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Диэтилстильбэстрола          | Рак молочной железы | Внутримышечно в    | У женщин                    | Ампулы по 1 мл    | | пропионат,                          | у женщин в возрасте  | суточной дозе 20—  | кровянистые               | 3% раствора в      | | Diaethylstilboestroli              | старше 60 лет, рак      | 50 мг, длительно     | выделения из              | масле                   | | propionas: синоним Dibestil  | предстательной          |                                | влагалища, учащение  |                             | | и др.                                   | железы                       |                                | мочеиспускания и       |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | недержание мочи; у    |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | мужчин симптомы       |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | феминизации; у лиц    |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | обоих полов                |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | геморрагический         |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | диатез, сердечно-       |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | сосудистая                 |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | недостаточность,        |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | тошнота, рвота,           |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | головокружение,         |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | обострение                 |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | хронического              |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | гепатита, острый         |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | гепатит                       |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Полиэстрадиол-фосфат,     | Рак предстательной    | Внутримышечно      | Такие же, как при        | Ампулы по 40 мг   | | Polyestradiol phosphate,       | железы                       | 80—160 мг 1 раз в   | приеме                        |                              | | синоним: Эстрадурин,         |                                   | месяц в течение      | диэтилстильбэстрола  |                              | | Estradurin                            |                                   | 2—3 мес., затем      |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | дозу уменьшают до |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | 40— 80 мг в месяц  |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Синэстрол, Synoestrolum;    | Такие же, как у           | Внутримышечно      | Такие же, как при        | Ампулы по 1 мл    | | синоним Dihydrostilbostrol,   | диэтилстильбэстрола  | или подкожно в       | приеме                        | 2% масляного       | | Estrene, Hexestrol,               |                                   | суточной дозе 60—  | диэтилстильбэстрола  | раствора              | | Novostrol и др.                    |                                   | 100 мг ежедневно,   |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | длительно. В           |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | период ремиссии     |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | по 40 мг ежедневно |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Фосфэстрол,                       | Рак предстательной    | Лечение начинают   | Тошнота, рвота,          | Таблетки по 0,1 г;  | | Phosphoestrolum; синоним:  | железы                       | с внутривенного      | слабость, зуд или       | ампулы по 5 мл     | | Cytonal, Difostilben,             |                                   | введения 2,5 мл      | боли в анальной и       | 6% раствора         | | Fosfostilben, Honvan и др.   |                                   | 6% раствора (0,15 г | генитальной                |                              | |                                            |                                   | ), при хорошей         | областях, реже в         |                              | |                                            |                                   | переносимости        | области лица и шеи,    |                              | |                                            |                                   | дозу увеличивают   | возможны понижение  |                              | |                                            |                                   | до 0,5—1,5 г,           | свертываемости          |                              | |                                            |                                   | вводят ежедневно   | крови,                         |                              | |                                            |                                   | в течение 10—15     | геморрагический         |                              | |                                            |                                   | дней; затем внутрь  | диатез,                       |                              | |                                            |                                   | по 0,1 г 2—3 раза в  | незначительная          |                              | |                                            |                                   | день или                 | феминизация              |                              | |                                            |                                   | внутривенно по 5     |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | мл 6% раствора      |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | (0,3 г) 1—2 раза в    |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | неделю в течение    |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | 2—3 мес.                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Хлортрианизен,                   | Такие же, как у           | Внутрь по 0,012 г    | Такие же, как при        | Таблетки по          | | Chlortrianisenum; синоним:   | диэтилстильбэстрола  | 2—3 раза в день,    | приеме                        | 0,012 г                  | | Chlortrianisoestrolum,           |                                   | длительно               | диэтилстильбэстрола  |                              | | Trianisoestrol и др.               |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Этинилэстрадиол,               | Такие же, как у           | Внутрь по 0,05—0,1 | Такие же, как при        | Таблетки по 0,05   | | Aethinyloestradiolum            | диэтилстильбэстрола; | мг ежедневно,         | приеме                        | мг                         | | синоним: Микрофоллин (В), | чаще назначается       | длительно               | диэтилстильбэстрола  |                              | | Aethinyloestradiol Follikoral,  | для поддерживающей |                                |                                    |                              | | Oestralyn и др.                    | терапии                      |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 3. Кортикостероиды         |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Гидрокортизона                   | Острые лимфолейкоз  | Внутривенно или     | При продолжительном | Ампулы по 0,025   | | гемисукцинат,                     | и миелолейкоз            | внутримышечно в    | применении                 | и 0,1 г для             | | Hydrocortisoni hemisuccinas |                                   | суточной дозе 150   | возможны ожирение,   | внутривенного       | |                                            |                                   | мг в течение 3—5    | гирсутизм, появление  | введения,             | |                                            |                                   | дней, далее по 50    | угрей, нарушение        | суспензия             | |                                            |                                   | мг в сутки,              | менструального          | гидрокортизона     | |                                            |                                   | длительно               | цикла, остеопороз,      | ацетата во            | |                                            |                                   |                                | синдром Иценко —      | флаконах по 5 мл  | |                                            |                                   |                                | Кушинга,                     | (125 мг) для          | |                                            |                                   |                                | возникновение язв      | внутримышечного  | |                                            |                                   |                                | желудочно-кишечного  | введения              | |                                            |                                   |                                | тракта и их                  |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | прободение,                |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | геморрагический         |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | панкреатит,                 |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | гипергликемия,            |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | понижение                  |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | сопротивляемости к    |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | инфекциям,                 |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | повышение                  |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | свертываемости          |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | крови, психические     |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | нарушения                  |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Дексаметозон,                    | Такие же, как у           | Внутрь в суточной   | Такие же, как при        | Таблетки по 0,5     | | Dexamethasonum; синоним: | гидрокортизона           | дозе по 3—6 мг,      | приеме                        | мг; ампулы по 1    | | Decardon, Dexacortin,          |                                   | поддерживающая    | гидрокортизона           | мл, содержащие   | | Dexason, Hexadecadrol,       |                                   | доза 1—1,5 мг в      |                                    | 4 мг                      | | Millicorten, Graderon и др.    |                                   | сутки                       |                                    | дексаметазон-21-  | |                                            |                                   |                                |                                    | фосфата               | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Кортизона ацетат, Cortisoni  | Такие же, как у           | Внутрь или              | Такие же, как при        | Таблетки по          | | acetas: синоним: Adieson,   | гидрокортизона           | внутримышечно по  | приеме                        | 0,025 г; суспензия | | Cortelan, Cortone, Rincorten  |                                   | 0,075—0,1 г 3 раза  | гидрокортизона           | (1 мл содержит     | |                                            |                                   | в сутки в течение    |                                    | 0,025 г) во             | |                                            |                                   | 3—5 дней; после     |                                    | флаконах по 10     | |                                            |                                   | этого по 0,05 г 3      |                                    | мл                         | |                                            |                                   | раза в сутки,           |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | длительно               |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Преднизолон,                      | Такие же, как у           | Внутрь по 0,05—     | Такие же, как при        | Таблетки по 0,001  | | Prednisolonum; синоним:     | гидрокортизона           | 0,08 г в сутки; для   | приеме                        | и 0,005 г                | | Dacortin, Nisolone,               |                                   | поддержания           | гидрокортизона           |                              | | Prenolone, Ultracorten H и    |                                   | ремиссии по            |                                    |                              | | др.                                      |                                   | 0,015—0,03 г в        |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | сутки, длительно     |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Триамцинолон,                    | Такие же, как у           | Внутрь в суточных  | Такие же, как при        | Таблетки по          | | Triamcinolonum; синоним:    | гидрокортизона           | дозах 16—40 мг,     | приеме                        | 0,004 г (4 мг)         | | Aristocort, Kenacort,             |                                   | поддерживающие    | гидрокортизона           |                              | | Polcortolon                          |                                   | дозы 2—10 мг         |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 4. Прогестины                   |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | | (гестагены)                       |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Гестоноронкапроат,             | Рак эндометрия,         | Внутримышечно      | Боли в области           | Шприц-ампулы по  | | Gestonoroncaproat;              | аденома                     | 200 мг 1 раз в          | молочных желез (у      | 200 мг                   | | синоним Depostat,               | предстательной          | неделю; суммарная | мужчин), снижение      |                              | | Primostat и др.                    | железы                       | доза 2—3 г              | потенции, редко          |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | гепатит                       |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Оксипрогестерона               | Рак тела матки,          | Внутримышечно по  | Тахикардия при           | Ампулы по 1 мл    | | капронат, Oxyprogesteroni   | молочной железы,       | 1 г ежедневно или   | длительном                 | 12,5% и 25%         | | caproas; синоним:               | почки                          | через день в           | применении,                | масляного             | | Hydroxyprogesterone            |                                   | течение                   | задержка жидкости,    | раствора               | | Caproate, Primolut-Depot,     |                                   | длительного            | редко синдром            |                              | | Progesieron-retard и др.        |                                   | времени                  | Иценко — Кушинга      |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Провера, Provera; синоним  | Рак эндометрия,         | Внутрь по 200—      | Анафилаксия,             | Таблетки по 100,   | | медроксипрогестерона        | молочной железы,       | 800 мг ежедневно    | тромбоэмболические   | 200, 250 мг            | | ацетат                                 | почки                          | длительно (не          | расстройства,             |                              | |                                            |                                   | менее 8—10 нед.)    | бессонница, головная  |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | боль, зуд, гирсутизм,  |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | алопеция, тошнота,     |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | задержка жидкости,    |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | синдром Иценко —      |                              | |                                            |                                   |                                | Кушинга                      |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 5. Гормоноцитостатики   |                                   |                                |                                    |                              | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Эстрацит, Estracyt;             | Рак предстательной    | Внутрь или              | Лейкопения,                | Ампулы по 150 и   | | синоним Estramustin           | железы                       | внутривенно 15       | тромбоцитопепения,    | 300 мг; капсулы    | | phosphat                             |                                   | мг/кг ежедневно,     | феминизация              | по 140 мг              | |                                            |                                   | суммарная доза      |                                    |                              | |                                            |                                   | 100—200 мг/кг         |                                    |                              | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Примечание. Большинство противоопухолевых средств следует хранить в сухом, прохладном, защищенном от света месте. Библиогр.: Блохин Н.Н. и Переводчикова Н.И. Химиотерапия опухолевых заболеваний, М., 1984; Гарин А.М. и Алиев Д.А. Лечение диссеминированных форм злокачественных новообразований, Баку, 1988; Гершанович М.Л. Осложнения при химио- и гормонотерапии злокачественных опухолей, М., 1982. II Противоопухолевые средства (antitumoralia, antineoplastica; син. антибластомные средства) лекарственные средства, применяемые для лечения злокачественных новообразований (фторурацил, циклофосфамид, тиофосфамид, меркаптопурин, оливомицин и др.).